摘要
连续单作会通过破坏土壤养分有效性、微生物群落和生物功能而损害可持续辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）生产。基于豆类的间作提供了一种缓解这些限制的潜在策略，但其在连作辣椒系统中的作用仍知之甚少。本研究在长期连作辣椒田中进行田间试验，以评估绿豆间作对辣椒生长和产量、养分积累、根际土壤性质及微生物群落的影响。与辣椒单作（MP）相比，辣椒–绿豆间作（IP）显著提高了平均单果重和辣椒产量，但未影响株高、茎粗或单株果数。IP改变了N、P和K在辣椒各器官中的积累与分配，尤其是在生殖组织中。在根际，IP提高了有效N、P和K以及脲酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性，而全N、P和K保持不变。扩增子测序揭示MP与IP之间细菌和真菌群落组成存在显著差异。在真菌属水平上，Bisifusarium和Neocosmospora在MP下富集，而Conocybe在IP下富集。IP还提高了若干细菌类群的相对丰度，尤其是Vicinamibacterales、Vicinamibacteraceae、KD4-96和Rokubacteriales。若干IP-enriched类群与根际养分有效性、土壤酶活性和辣椒产量相关性状呈正相关。总体而言，绿豆间作与根际养分有效性和酶活性的改善以及细菌和真菌群落的大幅重构相关，因此可能有助于提高连作条件下的辣椒生产力。
Continuous monocropping can impair sustainable pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) production by disrupting soil nutrient availability, microbial communities, and biological functioning. Legume-based intercropping offers a potential strategy to alleviate these constraints, but its effects in continuously cropped pepper systems remain poorly understood. Here, a field experiment was conducted in a long-term continuously cropped pepper field to evaluate the effects of mung bean intercropping on pepper growth and yield, nutrient accumulation, rhizosphere soil properties, and microbial communities. Compared with pepper monocropping (MP), pepper–mung bean intercropping (IP) significantly increased average fruit weight and pepper yield, but did not affect plant height, stem diameter, or fruit number per plant. IP altered the accumulation and distribution of N, P, and K among pepper organs, particularly in reproductive tissues. In the rhizosphere, IP increased available N, P, and K and urease, dehydrogenase, and catalase activities, while total N, P, and K remained unchanged. Amplicon sequencing revealed significant differences in bacterial and fungal community composition between MP and IP. At the fungal genus level, Bisifusarium and Neocosmospora were enriched under MP, whereas Conocybe was enriched under IP. IP also increased the relative abundances of several bacterial taxa, particularly Vicinamibacterales , Vicinamibacteraceae , KD4-96 , and Rokubacteriales . Several IP-enriched taxa were positively correlated with rhizosphere nutrient availability, soil enzyme activities, and pepper yield-related traits. Overall, mung bean intercropping was associated with improved rhizosphere nutrient availability and enzyme activities, together with substantial restructuring of bacterial and fungal communities, and may therefore contribute to improved pepper productivity under continuous cropping.